black and white photography

There are 103 images in this box, including photographs of&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/4001" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Tetouan</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/6602" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Chefchaouen</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/sites/14749" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Gibraltar</a>, and Spain.

 Chefchaouen

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Morocco

Street view of the road to the mosque, showing a man with a donkey carrying firewood approaching and and woman moving away

glass plate negative

Box 15-19

Jami' Sidi Boukhancha

 Zaragoza

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Spain

View of a main square, statue in the center, with pedestrians, carts, and streetcars. Construction of a large stone building on the right. &nbsp;Location Unknown.&nbsp;

View of a central square with streetcars

Plaza De España

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15-1

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Chefchaouen

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Exterior view of a public square and minaret of the a mosque

Mosqué Sebbanin

Paul Servant

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The Qasba of Chefchaouen is the oldest part of the city, largely built in the 15th and 16th centuries.&nbsp; However, the northeast tower that today houses the museum, may have been added as late as the 19th century.&nbsp; SOURCES: Boujibar, Naïma El-Khatib. "Chefchaouen." In Andalusian Morocco: A Discovery in Living Art. Vienna: Museum With No Frontiers, 2002. Lakhdar, Kamal, and Laurence Nunny. "Discover Islamic Art – Virtual 
Museum." Discover Islamic Art – Virtual Museum. Accessed December 10, 
2014. <a data-bypass="true" target="_blank" href="http://www.discoverislamicart.org/database_item.php?id=monument;ISL;ma;Mon01;30;en">http://www.discoverislamicart.org/database_item.php?id=monument;ISL;ma;Mon01;30;en</a>. Roca, Juan Ramón. Tangier and Its Surroundings, Assilah and Chefchaouen an Illustrated Guide. Alicante (C/ San Carlos, 93, 03013 Alicante): J.R. Roca, 2011.

Kasbah

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View of the Court of the Myrtles from the audience hall

The Palacio de Comares, also called El Palacio de los Arrayanes (Palace of the Myrtles), is one of the two main units that constitute the&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/sites/2547">Alhambra</a>&nbsp;palaces today. It was begun during the reign of Isma'il I and completed during the reign of Muhammad V in 1370. It consists of the rectangular Court of Myrtles (Patio de los Arrayanes), which is abutted to the west by the rectangular Mexuar hall, where state business was conducted, and the Patio of the Cuarto Dorado, used as a throne chamber for the Sultan. To the east the Court abuts a bath complex and the Palace of the Lions.&nbsp; On the north side of the Patio de los Arrayanes, a gallery gives onto an oblong hall known as La Sala de la Barca (Hall of the Boat). This, in turn, communicates with the majestic Hall of the Ambassadors (Salon de los Embajadores), used by the Nasrids for state receptions. The square-plan Hall is housed within the large crenelated Tower of Comares and contains a wooden vault inlaid with mother-of-pearl stars and alcoves in three walls that provide dramatic views of the landscape beyond.&nbsp; The Palace is highly ornamented with tile work dados, carved stucco, and inscriptions. Sources: Dickie, James. 1981.The Alhambra: Some Reflections Prompted by a Recent Study by Oleg Grabar. In Studia Arabica et Islamica: Festschrift for Ihsan Abbas on his sixtieth birthday. Ed. Wadad al-Qadi. Beirut: American University Press, 127-49. Ibid. 1992. The Palaces of the Alhambra. In al-Andalus: the art of Islamic Spain. Edited by Jerrilynn D. Dodds. New York: Abrams, 135-51. Fernandez Puertas, Antonio. 1997. The Alhambra. 2 v. London: Saqi Books. Grabar, Oleg. 1992. The Alhambra. 2d ed., rev. Sebastopol, Calif.: Solipsist Press. Orihuela Uzal, Antonio. 1996. Casas y palacios nazaries: siglos XIII-XV. Seville: Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Cultura, Consejeria de Turismo y Deporte; Granada: El Legado Andalusi; Barcelona: Lunwerg Editores. Ruggles, D.F. 2000. "The Alhambra." In Gardens, Landscape, and Vision in the Palaces of Islamic Spain. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 163-208.

Palacio de Comares

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15-7

Box 15 - International Tangier

This collection currently contains approximately 2,000 images of the western Mediterranean, and particularly&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/3987" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Tangier</a>, Morocco, during the period in which the city truly was an International Zone.&nbsp;The images are&nbsp;believed to be the work of Spanish photographer and longtime resident of Tangier,&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/2852" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Paul Servant</a>.&nbsp;They document the city and multiple other locations in the region approximately between the last years of the 19th century and the 1930s. They are scanned from a large collection of medium-format, glass plate negatives in the collection of the Tangier American Institute for Moroccan Studies (<a href="http://archnet.org/sites/8271" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">TALIM</a>).&nbsp;The images of Morocco,&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/collections/900" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">France</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/collections/805" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Spain</a>, <a href="#" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Algeria</a>, <a href="#" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Gibraltar</a>, and other places, provide important and rare visual documentation of these places between the First and Second World Wars, when nearly every aspect of society was in flux. Tangier is particularly well documented. Images capture the arrival of Europeans in the port, construction of the railway, some of the city's best-known buildings, and a wide variety of the city's inhabitants, Moroccan and European,&nbsp;civilian and military. With the help of multiple institutions,1&nbsp;most recently the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.wellesley.edu/mes#zSTCL0sb5iRCEj21.97" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Program in Middle Eastern Studies</a>&nbsp;and the Center for Work and Service of Wellesley College, the entire collection is now digitized and catalogued to the best degree possible.&nbsp;&nbsp; For reasons explained in the fuller history of the collection, many images are only partially identified, and some may even be misidentified. Do not hesitate to&nbsp;<a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/services-and-staff/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">contact us</a>&nbsp;if you are able to correct or provide further information on a photograph.&nbsp;&nbsp;Organization of the Collection:&nbsp;The complete collection is now online. The organization of the virtual collection reflects the organization of the physical glass negative collection as it is stored. Images are presented in sub-collections corresponding to the numbered boxes in which they are stored.&nbsp;The contents of each box are summarized on the description page for each collection.&nbsp; --Michael A. Toler, Archnet Content Manager (Updated October 8, 2016 ) 1&nbsp;For a fuller history and description of the project,&nbsp;see&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/pages/TALIM-negatives" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">this page</a>.&nbsp;

International Tangier: Morocco & the Mediterranean as seen from Tangier in the Early 20th c.

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digital graphic

IAA708390

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Box 15-14

Archnet is a community-powered resource that provides ready access to visual and textual material to facilitate teaching, scholarship, and professional work of high quality.&nbsp;This unparalleled resource continues to grow with both the addition of historic archives and documentation on contemporary trends shaping the built environment today.&nbsp;To better serve you, our user, in the study of art and architecture of Muslim societies, we continue to build our vast collection of sites, publications, images, and videos. To ensure a high level of scholarly content and accuracy in the information provided, we appreciate your expert feedback and, more importantly, your contributions..&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>Please send comments, corrections, commendations, and other feedback to <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>If you find sites on Archnet to which you can contribute in compelling and meaningful ways, your generosity is most welcome. If you would be interested in contributing research, publications or other media to Archnet, please contact us using <a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet-submission@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>We invite contributions of relevant, previously published, Open Access or copyrighted material for which you are able to grant Archnet a non-exclusive license. Please contact us using <a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet-submission@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>We invite the contribution of syllabi, lesson plans, recorded lectures, or other material for our pedagogy project. Please contact us using <a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet-submission@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>We welcome the donation of select archives based on our current editorial policies and priorities.&nbsp;If you have a collection you would like to bring to the attention of Archnet's editors, please send an email to: <a href="http://mailto: archnet-submission@mit.edu/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet-submission@mit.edu</a>.</li><li>Occasionally, Archnet editors issue calls for contributions on specific themes or of particular types of material. Follow those on the <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/category/contributors/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">website of AKDC@MIT </a>or <a href="https://mailchi.mp/17fc345bbd94/archnetakdc-updates" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">subscribe to our mailing list</a>.</li></ul> The breadth, depth, and quality of Archnet is oachieved through the generosity of numerous institutions and individuals listed on the respective pages throughout the site.&nbsp;We thank you for your generosity!

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Archnet is an Open Access resource, provided to the public to facilitate cultural understanding and excellence in both scholarship and practice. Content from Archnet.org may not be published, displayed, or appropriated for commercial use without the expressed written permission of the copyright holder. Unless otherwise noted, Archnet material is available for instructional, nonprofit use, and personal use on the terms of a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International</a> (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. Please contact Archnet to request permission to use the Archnet.org website and its contents beyond the scope outlined above. High-resolution images may be available by contacting us using <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>. The content available on Archnet, including but not limited to information, text, graphics, logos, and multimedia related to the the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture’</a>s programmes, such as the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/54" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Historic Cities Programme</a>, the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/848" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Award for Architecture</a> and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/132" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Music Programme</a>, may be protected by copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights and laws, whether owned by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, its affiliates, or third parties. Unauthorized use, reproduction, distribution, modification, or display of this content is strictly prohibited without the express written permission of the respective copyright or trademark holder. Violation of this prohibition may result in legal penalties.

Terms of use

<h2>ARCHNET FAQ</h2>1. Will ARCHNET work on my device?Archnet works well on the most recent version of any major browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge), either on a mobile device or computer. It may work on older or less common browsers as well. If Archnet fails to work properly on your machine, please let us know about your experience by clicking the blue feedback button at bottom right!2. Will my URLs from earlier versions of Archnet still work?Yes, if they are from the version launched in January 2013. As of October 12, 2021, all URLs from the old Archnet have been redirected to ARCHNET.&nbsp;&nbsp;3. How do I download a/n:&nbsp;<ul><li>image - Select the image you want to download from search results, a site or an authority. The image will open in your browser.&nbsp;Right click to download.&nbsp;For larger, high-resolution copies, see contact us using archnet@mit.edu.&nbsp;</li><li>publication - Open the page for the publication in your browser and click the download button. Reprinting Archnet publications is permissible only for personal use.&nbsp;Please contact us for any other requests.&nbsp;</li><li>site descriptions and metadata - Site descriptions and metadata can be used for any nonprofit or educational organization with appropriate attribution to the authors and Archnet.&nbsp;</li><li>video - Currently video downloads are not possible. If you'd like to use an Archnet video, please contact <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/terms" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a> for information on how you can use Archnnet material.4. Can I contribute material to Archnet?&nbsp;Yes!&nbsp;See our <a href="https://www.archnet.org/pages/contribute" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Contribute</a> page for more information.&nbsp;Calls for specific contributions are also also shared in our social media and on the <a href="https://libraries.mit.edu/akdc/category/contributors/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">web site of the Aga Khan Documentation Center at MIT</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;5. What happened to the Archnet Timeline?&nbsp;Timeline has migrated into the ARCHNET NEXT Collections page&nbsp;<a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/collection_type/3/1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">as a category</a>. These collections provide short introductions for each period, often offering lists of additional resources at the end of the entry. Only the timeline graphic listing the periods along a chronological axis has not migrated.6. My question isn't here.&nbsp;How can I get help?&nbsp;If your issue is with using Archnet, use the blue Feedback button to alert us to your issue. This will allow you to include a screenshot or recording. Please, also, feel free to contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>We are currently developing the help section of ARCHNET NEXT. In the meantime, please use the blue Feedback button in ARCHNET NEXT to send us feedback or other questions. Contact us at <a href="mailto:archnet@mit.edu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">archnet@mit.edu</a>.&nbsp;

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Welcome to ARCHNET, an open access, interdisciplinary, intellectual resource focused on the built environment of Muslim societies.Focused on the built environment of Islamic civilizations past and present, we seek to:<ul><li>Facilitate excellence in scholarship and professional work by&nbsp;providing reliable information and ready access&nbsp;to vetted, high-quality textual and multimedia resources&nbsp;focused on architecture, urbanism, environmental and landscape design,&nbsp;heritage&nbsp;conservation, economic and environmental sustainability, community development and resilience in the face of rapid change, and related topics.</li><li>Enable teaching and learning in these domains by providing educators with reliable, effective pedagogical material and teaching aids.&nbsp;</li><li>Serve as a platform through which scholars, practitioners, and institutions can bring their work to new global audiences.&nbsp;</li><li>Promote intercultural understanding and dialogue through reliable, high-quality, peer-reviewed material on the diversity of and pluralism within Muslim societies and the interaction between Islamic and other religious, cultural, and philosophical traditions as it relates to architecture and urbanism.</li><li>Enable easy access to a wide variety of resources via a custom-built, web-based, mobile-friendly platform optimized to minimize financial, infrastructural, linguistic, and other barriers to access.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>Launched in 2002 after several years of development, ARCHNET is a pioneering digital resource that has proven a reliable authority on the built environment of Muslim societies, past and present.&nbsp;ARCHNET is a partnership between the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/1342" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Documentation Center, MIT Libraries</a> (AKDC@MIT) and the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/1903" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Trust for Culture</a> (AKTC), with support from the <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/50" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture</a> at Harvard and MIT.&nbsp;ARCHNET is developed and maintained by <a href="https://www.performantsoftware.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Performant Software Solutions</a>.

Box 15 - International Tangier

Parent Collections

Related Collections

Keywords

Box 15 - International Tangier

Images & Videos

Parent Collections

Related Collections

Keywords